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This procedure mainly involves in widening, shortening, or lengthening the bones, in any dimension, in the upper or lower jaws to correct severe skeletal facial deformities. Trauma, congenital or acquired conditions and severe disproportional growth of the bones in the face and jaw can cause these skeletal deformities.

Treatment of severe skeletal facial deformities may require dental, orthodontic or surgical treatments. Surgery is performed when the severe facial deformity causes demonstrable difficulty in breathing, chewing, and swallowing and when the deformity is determined to be too severe for correction by orthodontics alone (as determined upon review.